Spots 
Society splits increasingly into two hostile camps: the bourgeoisie, who own the means of production, and the proletariat, who sell their labor to survive. Industrial capitalism simplifies ancient class antagonisms into a single economic battle between capital and wage labor. By constantly revolutionizing production and expanding globally, the bourgeoisie creates the very working class destined to overthrow it.
Communists represent the common interests of the entire proletariat, seeking to turn wage labor into collective power. The central aim is the abolition of private property owned by the bourgeoisie, which relies on exploiting wage labor rather than personal exertion. Winning political power allows the working class to centralize credit, transport, and manufacturing under state ownership for the benefit of all.
Feudal socialists seek to restore pre-industrial order, while petty-bourgeois thinkers mourn lost craftsmanship without addressing class mechanics. Bourgeois socialists attempt to fix social grievances through minor reforms that preserve the capitalist order. Critical-utopian thinkers offer visionary ideals of harmony but reject political action, rendering their proposals ineffective against systemic exploitation.
Communists support every revolutionary movement that attacks existing social and political structures, adapting tactics to local conditions. In Germany, they align with the bourgeoisie against absolute monarchy while preparing workers to turn against the bourgeoisie immediately afterward. Open declaration of intent replaces hidden conspiracy, urging working people across nations to unite.
A foundational critique of capitalism detailing history as class struggle and proposing revolutionary communist reorganization.