
Roman villas were monuments to papal ambition and family power
Papal families poured vast fortunes into grand pleasure residences to project authority and secure votes for the papacy. Cardinal Pietro Riario squandered millions in two years, setting a precedent of extravagance that transformed Roman architecture. Yet behind the classical facades and manicured gardens lay sinister power struggles, such as French commander Yves d'Allègre riding alongside the ruthless Cesare Borgia across northern Italy. The grandeur of these estates served primarily to mask the fierce rivalries of Renaissance ruling houses.
INTRODUCTION → CHAPTER I

